Peri-Menopausal Health & Hormonal Balance

Also Includes references for:

• Thermoregulation
  
• Bone Density
  
• Cardiovascular & Breast Health

Baicalein

Anticancer Res. 2008 May-Jun;28(3A):1701-11.  PMID: 18630529  The role of Ca2+ in baicalein-induced apoptosis in human breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells through mitochondria- and caspase-3-dependent pathway. Lee JH, Li YC, Ip SW, Hsu SC, Chang NW, Tang NY, Yu CS, Chou ST, Lin SS, Lino CC, Yang JS, Chung JG. Dept of Surgery, China Medical U. Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.

Neuroreport. 2001 Jul 20;12(10):2199-202.   PMID: 11447334  Baicalein protects cortical neurons from beta-amyloid (25-35) induced toxicity. Lebeau A, Esclaire F, Rostène W, Pélaprat D. INSERM U 339, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France.

Cancer Lett. 2002 Dec 10;187(1-2):33-40.  PMID: 12359348  Baicalein and genistein display differential actions on estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Po LS, Chen ZY, Tsang DS, Leung LK. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 30;296(4):942-8. PMID: 12200139  The mechanisms of lipoxygenase inhibitor-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Tong WG, Ding XZ, Adrian TE. Department of Surgery, Gastrointestinal Oncology Laboratories, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL.

Black Cohosh

Cancer Investigation 2004; 22(4): 515-21, Pilot Evaluation of Black Cohosh for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Women.,  Pockaj BA, Loprinzi CL, Sloan JA, Novotny PJ, Barton DL, Hagenmaier A, Zhang H, Lambert GH, Reeser KA, Wisbey JA, Dept. of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, AZ, USA.

Nutr Clin Care 2002 Nov-Dec; 5(6): 283-9, Black Cohosh: an alternative therapy for menopause? Mahady GB, Fabricant D, Chadwick Lr, Dietz B. – UIC/NIH Ctr for Botanical Dietary Supplements Rsrch, Pro. for Collaborative Rsrch in Pharma. Sciences, U. of  Illinois, USA.

Boswellia AKBA

Biofactors. 2000;13(1-4):225-30.  PMID: 11237186 Anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic activities of triterpenoid, beta-boswellic acid. Huang MT, Badmaev V, Ding Y, Liu Y, Xie JG, Ho CT. Lab. for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, NJ.

Vascul Pharmacol. 2007 May;46(5):333-7. PMID: 17257903 Effect of acetyl 11-keto beta-boswellic acid on metastatic growth factor responsible for angiogenesis. Singh SK, Bhusari S, Singh R, Saxena A, Mondhe D, Qazi GN. Pharmacology Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu, India.

JImmunol. 2006 Mar 1;176(5):3127-40. PMID: 16493072 Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid potentiates apoptosis, inhibits invasion, and abolishes osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-kappa B and NF-kappa B-regulated gene expression. Takada Y, Ichikawa H, Badmaev V, Aggarwal BB. Cytokine Research Sect., Dept of Experimental Therapeutics, U. of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, TX USA.

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2001 Apr;16(2):88-95.  PMID: 11355324 Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, a constituent of a herbal medicine from Boswellia serrata resin, attenuates experimental ileitis. Krieglstein CF, Anthoni C, Rijcken EJ, Laukötter M, Spiegel HU, Boden SE, Schweizer S, Safayhi H, Senninger N Dept of General Surgery, Westfalian Wilhelm’s University, Münster, Germany.

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006 Jun;290(6):G1131-7.   PMID: 16423918  Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of boswellic acid derivatives in experimental colitis. Anthoni C, Laukoetter MG, Rijcken E, Vowinkel T, Mennigen R, Müller S, Senninger N, Russell J, Jauch J, Bergmann J, Granger DN, Krieglstein CF.  Dept of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA.

Anticancer Res. 2002 Sep-Oct;22(5):2853-62.  PMID: 12530009  Cytostatic and apoptosis-inducing activity of boswellic acids toward malignant cell lines in vitro. Hostanska K, Daum G, Saller R. Dept of Internal Med., U. Hospital Zürich, Switzerland.

Indian J Exp Biol. 2006 Feb;44(2):128-32.  PMID: 16480179  Potentiation of antinociceptive effect of NSAIDs by a specific lipooxygenase inhibitor, acetyl 11-keto-beta boswellic acid. Bishnoi M, Patil CS, Kumar A, Kulkarni SK. Pharmacology Division, U. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh, India.

Chlorophyllin

Mutat Res. 2008 Apr 2;640(1-2):145-52.  PMID: 18336845  Transcriptional profiles of benzo(a)pyrene exposure in normal human mammary epithelial cells in the absence or presence of chlorophyllin. John K, Keshava C, Richardson DL, Weston A, Nath J. Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, 1120 Agricultural Sciences Building, West Virginia University.

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Jul 15;166(2):120-7. PMID: 10896853  Chlorophyllin suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Cho KJ, Han SH, Kim BY, Hwang SG, Park KK, Yang KH, Chung AS. Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, Korea.

Int Immunopharmacol. 2006 Feb;6(2):252-9.  PMID: 16399630  Chlorophyllin suppresses interleukin-1 beta expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Yun CH, Jeon YJ, Yang Y, Ju HR, Han SH.  Int’l Vaccine Institute, Seoul Korea.

Int J Mol Med. 2005 Oct;16(4):735-40.  PMID: 16142413  The chlorophyllin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells is associated with ERK deactivation and Cyclin D1 depletion. Chiu LC, Kong CK, Ooi VE. Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.

Folate

Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug;86(2):434-43.  High folate intake is associated with lower breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Ericson U, Sonestedt E, Gullberg B, Olsson H, Wirfält E. Dept of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

Epidemiology. 2001 Jul;12(4):420-8.  Dietary folate intake, alcohol, and risk of breast cancer in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. Sellers TA, Kushi LH, Cerhan JR, Vierkant RA, Gapstur SM, Vachon CM, Olson JE, Therneau TM, Folsom AR. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Calcif Tissue Int. 2008 Jan;82(1):1-11.  Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women. Rejnmark L, Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Brot C, Eiken P, Mosekilde L. The Osteoporosis Clinic, Dept of Endocrinology & Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.

Bone. 2008 Feb;42(2):314-20.  Relation of folates, vitamin B12 and homocysteine to vertebral bone mineral density change in postmenopausal women. A five-year longitudinal evaluation. Cagnacci A, Bagni B, Zini A, Cannoletta M, Generali M, Volpe A. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit, Policlinico of Modena, Italy.

J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Mar 3;96(5):396-402.  Dietary folate intake and incidence of ovarian cancer: the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Larsson SC, Giovannucci E, Wolk A. Div. of Nutritional Epidemiology, Nat’l Inst. of Environ. Med., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.

J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Jun 2;85(11):875-84.  Folate, methionine, and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal adenoma. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Trichopoulos D, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Channing Lab., Harvard Med. School, Boston, MA.

Ganoderma

Int J Mol Med. 2008 May;21(5):577-84.   PMID: 18425349  Ganoderic acids suppress growth and invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by modulating AP-1 and NF-kappaB signaling. Jiang J, Grieb B,  hyagarajan A, Sliva D. Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Int J Oncol. 2007 Apr;30(4):963-9.    PMID: 17332936  Combined effect of green tea and Ganoderma lucidum on invasive behavior of breast cancer cells. Thyagarajan A, Zhu J, Sliva D.  Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, IN, USA.

Nutr Cancer. 2004;49(2):209-16.   PMID: 15489214  Ganoderma lucidum suppresses growth of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. Jiang J, Slivova V, Harvey K, Valachovicova T, Sliva D. Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Int J Cancer. 2002 Nov 20;102(3):250-3.   PMID: 12397644  Ganoderma lucidum extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell. Hu H, Ahn NS, Yang X, Lee YS, Kang KS. Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.

Genistein

Nutr Rev 2003 Oct;61(10):346-51, Genistein appears to prevent early postmenopausal bone loss as effectively as hormone replacement therapy.  Cotter A, Cashman KD., Dept of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College, Cork, Ireland.

Menopause 2004 Jul-Aug;11(4):400-4,  Effects of Genistein on hot flashes in early postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind EPT and placebo-controlled study.   Crisafulli A, Marini H, Bitto A, Altavilla D, Squadrito G, Romeo A, Adamo EB, Marini R, D’Anna R, Corrado F, Bartolone S, Frisina N, Squadrito F, Dept. of Clin. & Experimental Med. & Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy.

Gotu Kola  (Centella)

Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S9-13.   PMID: 11666128  Total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in chronic venous insufficiency and in high-perfusion microangiopathy. Incandela L, Cesarone MR, Cacchio M, De Sanctis MT, Santavenere C, D’Auro MG, Bucci M, Belcaro G. Vascular Unit, Ealing Hospital, London, UK.

Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S69-73.   PMID: 11666127  Modification of the echogenicity of femoral plaques after treatment with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Incandela L, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, Cesarone MR, De Sanctis MT, Corsi M, Bavera P, Ippolito E, Griffin M, Geroulakos G, Sabetai M, Ramaswami G, Veller M. Irvine Vascular Laboratory, St Mary’s Hospital at Imperial College, London, UK.

Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S45-8.   PMID: 11666123  Microcirculatory effects of total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in chronic venous hypertension: measurement by laser Doppler, TcPO2-CO2, and leg volumetry. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rulo A, Griffin M, Ricci A, Ippolito E, De Sanctis MT, Incandela L, Bavera P, Cacchio M, Bucci M. Irvine Vascular Laboratory, St Mary’s Hospital & Imperial College, London, UK.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Mar 5;116(2):325-32.   PMID: 18191355    Positive modulation of cognition and mood in the healthy elderly volunteer following the administration of Centella asiatica. Wattanathorn J, Mator L, Muchimapura S, Tongun T, Pasuriwong O, Piyawatkul N, Yimtae K, Sripanidkulchai B, Singkhoraard J. Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Dec;20(6):680-4.   PMID: 11106141  A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. Bradwejn J, Zhou Y, Koszycki D, Shlik J. Royal Ottawa Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Grape Seed Extract

Cancer Res. 2006 Jun 1;66(11):5960-7.   PMID: 16740737  Grape seed extract is an aromatase inhibitor and a suppressor of aromatase expression. Kijima I, Phung S, Hur G, Kwok SL, Chen S.  Dept of Surgical Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA, USA.

Thromb Res. 2007;121(3):431-2. PMID: 17950783.  Effects of grape seed extract consumption on platelet function in postmenopausal women. Shenoy SF, Keen CL, Kalgaonkar S, Polagruto JA.

Carcinogenesis. 2006 Aug;27(8):1682-91.  PMID: 16597645.  Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of highly metastatic breast carcinoma cells. Mantena SK, Baliga MS, Katiyar SK. Department of Dermatology, U. of Alabama USA.

Green Tea

Endocrinology. 2008 Aug 21.    PMID: 18719023.  Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) stabilizes p27kip1 in estrogen- stimulated MCF-7 cells through downregulation of the Skp2 protein. Huang HC, Way TD, Lin CL, Lin JK. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Aug 15;476(2):171-7.  PMID: 18424257.  (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate induces Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression via activation of PI3K and ERK in human mammary epithelial cells. Na HK, Kim EH, Jung JH, Lee HH, Hyun JW, Surh YJ. National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis & Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):11742-50.    PMID: 18089804.  Green tea polyphenols reverse cooperation between c-Rel and CK2 that induces the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, slug, and an invasive phenotype. Belguise K, Guo S, Yang S, Rogers AE, Seldin DC, Sherr DH, Sonenshein GE. Departments of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Cancer Res. 2007 Jun 15;67(12):5763-70.   PMID: 17575143.  Activation of FOXO3a by the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces estrogen receptor alpha expression reversing invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells. Belguise K, Guo S, Sonenshein GE. Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.

J Cell Biochem. 2008 Feb 1;103(2):509-19.  PMID: 17570133. Epigenetic and genetic mechanisms contribute to telomerase inhibition by EGCG. Berletch JB, Liu C, Love WK, Andrews LG, Katiyar SK, Tollefsbol TO.  Dept of Biology, U. of Alabama USA.

Carcinogenesis. 2008 Jul 31.   PMID: 18669903.  Green tea intake, MTHFR/TYMS genotype, and breast cancer risk: The Singapore Chinese Health Study. Inoue M, Robien K, Wang R, van den Berg D, Koh WP, Yu MC. U. of Minnesota Cancer Center USA.

Eur J Cancer 2004 Sep;40(14):2165-74. Black tea polyphenol theaflavins inhibit aromatase activity and attenuate tamoxifen resistance in HER2/neu-transfected human breast cancer cells through tyrosine kinase suppression.  Way TD, Lee HH, Kao MC, Lin JK.  Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei.

Int J Cancer 2004 Jan 1;108(1):8-14.  Combined inhibition of estrogen-dependent human breast carcinoma by soy and tea bioactive components in mice.  Zhou JR, Yu L, Mai Z, Blackburn GL.  Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Dept of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

11/25/2003 Press Release:   A mixture of soy phytochemicals and green tea could help slow the progression of breast cancer, report American researchers.   The team from Harvard Medical School assessed the combined impact of soy products and different types of tea on a breast cancer model in mice. Both foods have been attributed to the lower incidence of breast cancer in Asian women.   The mice were treated with genistin-rich soy isoflavones, soy phytochemical concentrate, black tea and green tea individually, and then with a soy phytochemical-black tea mixture and a soy-green tea combination.   Researchers assessed the growth of tumours and increase in cells as well as expressions of tumour oestrogen receptors.  Both the soy isoflavones and the soy phytochemical concentrate led to dose-dependent inhibition of tumour growth by slowing cancer cell proliferation, they reported in the 1 January issue of the International Journal of Cancer (vol 108, issue 1, pp 8-14).   As expected, green tea showed more potent anti-breast tumour activity than black tea. Green tea infusion at 1.5g of tealeaf per 100 ml of water produced significant reductions of 56 per cent in final tumour weight. But green tea with soy concentrate at 0.1 per cent of the diet further reduced final tumour weight by 72 per cent, they said.

“Our study suggests that dietary soy phytochemicals plus green tea may be used as a potential effective dietary regimen for inhibiting progression of oestrogen-dependent breast cancer,” concluded the researchers.

HMR Lignan

J Nutr. 2001 Jun;131(6):1826-32.  Intake of dietary phytoestrogens is low in postmenopausal women in the United States: the Framingham study(1-4). de Kleijn MJ, van der Schouw YT, Wilson PW, Adlercreutz H, Mazur W, Grobbee DE, Jacques PF. Julius Center for Patient Oriented Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Eur J Cancer Prev. 2006 Jun;15(3):225-32.  Plasma enterolactone and genistein and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Piller R, Chang-Claude J, Linseisen J. Unit of Human Nutrition and Cancer Prevention, Technical University of Munich, and German Cancer Research Center, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.

J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Mar 21;99(6):475-86.  Dietary lignan intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk by estrogen and progesterone receptor status. Touillaud MS, Thiébaut AC, Fournier A, Niravong M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI 20, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France.

Br J Cancer. 2008 Feb 12;98(3):636-40.  Dietary lignans and postmenopausal breast cancer risk by oestrogen receptor status: a prospective cohort study of Swedish women. Suzuki R, Rylander-Rudqvist T, Saji S, Bergkvist L, Adlercreutz H, Wolk A. Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):400-5.  Intakes of 4 dietary lignans and cause-specific and all-cause mortality in the Zutphen Elderly Study. Milder IE, Feskens EJ, Arts IC, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Hollman PC, Kromhout D. Centre for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.

Hops Flavonoids

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Jun-Jul;105(1-5):124-30.  PMID: 17643984  Modulation of breast cancer cell survival by aromatase inhibiting hop (Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids. Monteiro R, Faria A, Azevedo I, Calhau C. Dept of Biochemistry, U. of Porto,  Portugal.

Maturitas. 2006 May 20;54(2):164-75.   PMID: 16321485  A first prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the use of a standardized hop extract to alleviate menopausal discomforts. Heyerick A, Vervarcke S, Depypere H, Bracke M, De Keukeleire D. Lab. of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Ghent University, Dept of Gynaecological Oncology, Ghent, Belgium.

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Nov-Dec;107(3-5):140-8.  PMID: 17681752  8-Prenylnaringenin, inhibits estrogen receptor-alpha mediated cell growth and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Brunelli E, Minassi A, Appendino G, Moro L. Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche & Drug & Food Biotechnology Ctr, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.

J Cell Biochem. 2008 Aug 1;104(5):1699-707.  PMID: 18348194  Xanthohumol inhibits inflammatory factor production and angiogenesis in breast cancer xenografts. Monteiro R, Calhau C, Silva AO, Pinheiro-Silva S, Guerreiro S, Gärtner F, Azevedo I, Soares R. Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Portugal.

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2005 Sep;49(9):832-6.   PMID: 16092068  Xanthohumol stimulates iodide uptake in rat thyroid-derived FRTL-5 cells. Radovi? B, Schmutzler C, Köhrle J. Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie und Endokrinologisches, Forschungszentrum EnForCé, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.

HOPS Bitter Acids (reduced iso-alpha- acids)

Phytochemistry. 2008 May;69(7):1534-47.  PMID: 18358504  Safety, efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of rho iso-alpha-acids from hops. Hall AJ, Babish JG, Darland GK, Carroll BJ, Konda VR, Lerman RH, Bland JS, Tripp ML.

J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 6;279(32):33456-62.  PMID: 15178687  Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. Yajima H, Ikeshima E, Shiraki M, Kanaya T, Fujiwara D, Odai H, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Ezaki O, Oikawa S, Kondo K. Central Lab. for Key Tech. Kirin Brewery Co. Japan.

J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jan 14;52(1):55-64.   PMID: 14709013  Mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by hop bitter acids (beer aroma) through induction of apoptosis mediated by Fas and caspase cascades. Chen WJ, Lin JK. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Sep 5;1736(1):51-60.  PMID: 16099209  Isohumulones modulate blood lipid status through the activation of PPAR alpha. Shimura M, Hasumi A, Minato T, Hosono M, Miura Y, Mizutani S, Kondo K, Oikawa S, Yoshida A. Central Laboratories for Key Technology, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan.

Indoles

Integr Cancer Ther. 2004 Mar;3(1):5-12. Cruciferous vegetables: cancer protective mechanisms of glucosinolate hydrolysis products and selenium.  Keck AS, Finley JW.  United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9034, USA.

Mutat Res 2004 Nov 2;555(1-2):53-64. Cell signaling pathways altered by natural chemopreventive agents. Sarkar FH, Li Y. Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

J Nutr 2003 Jul;133(7 Suppl):2470S-2475S. Indole-3-carbinol is a negative regulator of estrogen. Auborn KJ, Fan S, Rosen EM, Goodwin L, Chandraskaren A, Williams DE, Chen D, Carter TH. North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, NY USA.

J Nutr 2004 Dec;134(12):3507S-12S.  Clinical trials in cancer prevention: current results and perspectives for the future.  Greenwald P.  Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Nutr Cancer 2004;50(2):161-7. Pilot study: effect of 3,3′-diindolylmethane supplements on urinary hormone metabolites in postmenopausal women with a history of early-stage breast cancer.  Dalessandri KM, Firestone GL, Fitch MD, Bradlow HL, Bjeldanes LF.  Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3200, USA.

Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998 Mar;22(3):227-9.  Increased estrogen 2-hydroxylation in obese women using oral indole-3-carbinol. Michnovicz JJ.  The Foundation for Preventive Oncology, F.D.R. Station, New York, NY 10150, USA.

Altern Med Rev 2002 Apr;7(2):112-29.  Estrogen metabolism and the diet-cancer connection: rationale for assessing the ratio of urinary hydroxylated estrogen metabolites.  Lord RS, Bongiovanni B, Bralley JA.  MetaMetrix Clinical Laboratory, USA.

Isoflavones

Am J Clin Nutr 2002 Nov;76(5):1126-37.  Safety and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to postmenopausal women.  Bloedon LT, Jeffcoat AR, Lopaczynski W, Schell MJ, Black TM, Dix KJ, Thomas BF, Albright C, Busby MG, Crowell JA, Zeisel SH.  Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, USA.

Am J of Clin Nutrition 2004 Feb;79(2):326-33.  The Effects of Phytoestrogen Isoflavones on Bone Density in Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Atkinson C, Compston JE, Day NE, Dowsett M, Bingham SA, MRC Biostatistics Unit, Inst. of Public Health, Cambridge, UK.

J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2004 Nov;13(9):1000-7.  Decreased Bone Resorption with Soy Isoflavone Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women.  Harkness LS, Fiedler K, Sehgal AR, Oravec D, Lerner E., Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003 Jun 1;23(6):1066-71.  Isoflavones reduce arterial stiffness: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women.  Teede HJ, McGrath BP, DeSilva L, Cehun M, Fassoulakis A, Nestel PJ.Vascular Research Group, Dept of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

Isoflavones & Iodine

J Med Food 2003 Winter;6(4):309-16.  Isoflavone supplements do not affect thyroid function in iodine-replete postmenopausal women. Bruce B, Messina M, Spiller GA.  Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Dept of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.

Isoflavones from Red Clover

Breast Cancer Res 2004; 6(3):R170-9.  Comment in: Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(3):140-2.  Red-clover-derived isoflavones and mammographic breast density: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [SRCTN42940165]. Atkinson C, Warren RM, Sala E, Dowsett M, Dunning AM, Healey CS, Runswick S, Day NE, Bingham SA.  MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, UK.

Climacteric 2004 Mar;7(1):70-7.  The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on cognitive function in postmenopausal women.  Howes JB, Bray K, Lorenz L, Smerdely P, Howes LG.Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. George Hospital, UNSW, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.

Milk Thistle

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Mar 2;354(1):165-71.     PMID: 17214970  Silibinin suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression by blocking the AP-1 activation via MAPK signaling pathways in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Lee SO, Jeong YJ, Im HG, Kim CH, Chang YC, Lee IS.  Dept of Food Science & Technology & the Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources (TMR), Keimyung University, Korea.

Anticancer Res. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6B):4457-98.   PMID: 17201169  Anticancer potential of silymarin: from bench to bed side. Agarwal R, Agarwal C, Ichikawa H, Singh RP, Aggarwal BB. Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, U. of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.

Clin Cancer Res. 1998 Apr;4(4):1055-64.   PMID: 9563902  Anticarcinogenic effect of a flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB 468: induction of G1 arrest through an increase in Cip1/p21 concomitant with a decrease in kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and associated cyclins. Zi X, Feyes DK, Agarwal R. Dept of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA.

Phytoestrogens & Vitamin D

J Nutr 2004 May;134(5):1207S-1212S.   Phytoestrogens and vitamin D metabolism: a new  concept for the prevention and therapy of colorectal, prostate, and mammary carcinomas.  Cross HS, Kallay E, Lechner D, Gerdenitsch W, Adlercreutz H, Armbrecht HJ. Dept of Pathophysiology, U. of Vienna Med. School, Austria.

Pine Bark

Life Sci. 2004 Jan 2;74(7):855-62.  PMID: 14659974  Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Würthwein G, Rohdewald P. Guang An Men Hospital of Chinese Medical Science Research Institute, Beijing, PR China.

Hypertens Res. 2007 Sep;30(9):775-80.   PMID: 18037769  Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Nishioka K, Hidaka T, Nakamura S, Umemura T, Jitsuiki D, Soga J, Goto C, Chayama K, Yoshizumi M, Higashi Y. Dept of Cardiovascular Physiology & Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomed. Sciences, Japan.

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(8):978-85.   PMID: 17653885  A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Pycnogenol on the climacteric syndrome in peri-menopausal women. Yang HM, Liao MF, Zhu SY, Liao MN, Rohdewald P. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ham-Ming Hospital, Taiwan.

Pueraria Isoflavones

Planta Med. 2007 Aug;73(10):1047-53.  PMID: 17628835  Effects of puerarin on synaptic structural modification in hippocampus of ovariectomized mice. Xu X, Zhang Z. College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China.

Arch Pharm Res. 2006 Oct;29(10):821-5.  PMID: 17121174  Constituents of the roots of Pueraria lobata inhibit formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Kim JM, Lee YM, Lee GY, Jang DS, Bae KH, Kim JS. Dept of Herbal Pharmaceutical Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon

Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Dec 15;552(1-3):105-11. PMID: 17027964  Puerarin, an isoflavonoid derived from Radix puerariae, potentiates endothelium-independent relaxation via the cyclic AMP pathway in porcine coronary artery. Yeung DK, Leung SW, Xu YC, Vanhoutte PM, Man RY. Department of Pharmacology, 2/F Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Hong Kong, China.

Life Sci. 2006 Jun 20;79(4):324-30.   PMID: 16472823  Puerarin decreases serum total cholesterol and enhances thoracic aorta endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Yan LP, Chan SW, Chan AS, Chen SL, Ma XJ, Xu HX. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Med Sciences, Beijing, China.

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate

Nutrition. 2008 Mar;24(3):239-44. Plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are independently associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Cheng CH, Lin PT, Liaw YP, Ho CC, Tsai TP, Chou MC, Huang YC. Critical Care and Respiratory Therapy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Nutrition. 2006 Nov-Dec;22(11-12):1146-51. Low pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Lin PT, Cheng CH, Liaw YP, Lee BJ, Lee TW, Huang YC. School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical Univ. Taichung, Taiwan.

Circulation. 2001 Jun 12;103(23):2788-91. Low circulating vitamin B(6) is associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein independently of plasma homocysteine levels. Friso S, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, MA, USA.

J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Mar;108(3):443-53; Elevated plasma homocysteine and low vitamin B-6 status in nonsupplementing older women with rheumatoid arthritis. Woolf K, Manore MM.  Arizona State Univ. Dept of Nutrition, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.

Resveratrol

Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Jul 15;45(2):136-45.  Prevention of estrogen-DNA adduct formation in MCF-10F cells by resveratrol. Zahid M, Gaikwad NW, Ali MF, Lu F, Saeed M, Yang L, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, U. of Nebraska Medical Center.

Toxicol Sci. 2006 Jul;92(1):71-7.  The red wine polyphenol resveratrol displays bilevel inhibition on aromatase in breast cancer cells. Wang Y, Lee KW, Chan FL, Chen S, Leung LK. Dept of Biochemistry & Dept of Anatomy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

JNutr. 2005 Aug;135(8):1911-7.  Grape polyphenols exert a cardioprotective effect in pre- and postmenopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress. Zern TL, Wood RJ, Greene C, West KL, Liu Y, Aggarwal D, Shachter NS, Fernandez ML. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA.

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Jun;52(6):683-91.  Resveratrol inhibits migration and invasion of human breast-cancer cells. Tang FY, Su YC, Chen NC, Hsieh HS, Chen KS.  Biomedical Science Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 Jun 12;5:17.  Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes. Gonzales AM, Orlando RA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, MSC08 4670, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.

Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(2):331-9.  Resveratrol in prevention and treatment of common clinical conditions of aging. Markus MA, Morris BJ. School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Rutin

J Bone Miner Res 2000 Nov;15(11):2251-8.  Comment in: J Bone Miner Res. 2001 May;16(5):970-1. Rutin inhibits ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in rats.  Horcajada-Molteni MN, Crespy V, Coxam V, Davicco MJ, Remesy C, Barlet JP.  Unite Maladies Metaboliques et Micronutriments, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Theix, France.

Selenium

Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008 Aug 5.  PMID: 18718551.  Selenocystine induces caspase-independent apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells with involvement of p53 phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species generation. Chen T, Wong YS. Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Mutat Res 2004 Jul 13;551(1-2):181-97.  Mechanisms of mammary cancer chemoprevention by organoselenium compounds.   El-Bayoumy K, Sinha R.   Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation Cancer Center, NY USA.

Troxerutin

Angiology. 2008 Feb-Mar;59 Suppl 1:14S-20S.   PMID: 18287163  5-Year control and treatment of edema and increased capillary filtration in venous hypertension and diabetic microangiopathy using O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides: a prospective comparative clinical registry. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Di Renzo A, Dugall M, Corsi M, Marino Santarelli AR, Grossi MG.  Dept of Biomed. Sciences, Chieti-Pescara U. & the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy.

Angiology. 2008 Feb-Mar;59 Suppl 1:7S-13S.   PMID: 18287162  O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides systemic and local treatment in chronic venous disease and microangiopathy: an independent prospective comparative study. Belcaro G, Rosaria Cesarone M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Di Renzo A, Dugall M, Corsi M, Marino Santarelli AR, Grossi MG.  Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy.

Arzneimittelforschung. 1996 May;46(5):478-82. PMID: 8737630 Investigation of the efficacy of oxerutins compared to placebo in patients with chronic venous insufficiency treated with compression stockings. Unkauf M, Rehn D, Klinger J, de la Motte S, Grossmann K.

J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1995 Aug;36(4):369-74.   PMID: 7593149  Fibrinolysis and hemorheology in chronic venous insufficiency: a double blind study of troxerutin efficiency. Boisseau MR, Taccoen A, Garreau C, Vergnes C, Roudaut MF, Garreau-Gomez B. Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Université de Bordeaux II, Pessac, France.

Minerva Cardioangiol. 2004 Feb;52(1):43-8. Italian.   PMID: 14765037  Effectiveness of Troxerutin in association with Pycnogenol in the pharmacological treatment of venous insufficiency. Riccioni C, Sarcinella R, Izzo A, Palermo G, Liguori M. Unità Operativa Complessa di Angiologia, Ospedale Nuovo Regina Margherita, Roma.

Vitamin B-12

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):H860-5.  High frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in asymptomatic individuals homozygous to MTHFR C677T mutation is associated with endothelial dysfunction and homocysteinemia. Zittan E, Preis M, Asmir I, Cassel A, Lindenfeld N, Alroy S, Halon DA, Lewis BS, Shiran A, Schliamser JE, Flugelman MY. Dept of Cardiovascular Med, Lady Davis Carmel Med Ctr, Haifa, Israel

Clin Chem. 2008 Jul;54(7):1210-7.   Fraction of total plasma vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin correlates with cognitive function in elderly Latinos with depressive symptoms. Garrod MG, Green R, Allen LH, Mungas DM, Jagust WJ, Haan MN, Miller JW. Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis.

J Neurol. 2008 Mar;255(3):353-9.  Vitamin B12 deficiency neurological syndromes: correlation of clinical, MRI and cognitive evoked potential. Kalita J, Misra UK. Dept. of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Lucknow, India.

Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992 Oct;86(4):301-5.  Folate, vitamin B12 and cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Levitt AJ, Karlinsky H. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;15(3):226-33.  Vitamin B12 deficiency in dementia and cognitive impairment: the effects of treatment on neuropsychological function. Eastley R, Wilcock GK, Bucks RS. Avon and Western Wiltshire Mental Health Care NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.

J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992 Feb;40(2):168-72.  Time dependency of cognitive recovery with cobalamin replacement: report of a pilot study. Martin DC, Francis J, Protetch J, Huff FJ. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1064-72.  Methylation of estrogen receptor alpha and mutL homolog 1 in normal colonic mucosa: association with folate and vitamin B-12 status in subjects with and without colorectal neoplasia. Al-Ghnaniem R, Peters J, Foresti R, Heaton N, Pufulete M. Nutritional Sciences Research Division, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.

In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2008 Jul-Aug;44(7):268-72.  Methyl-donor nutrients inhibit breast cancer cell growth. Park CS, Cho K, Bae DR, Joo NE, Kim HH, Mabasa L, Fowler AW. Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA,

Vitamin D

Maturitas 2004 Dec 10;49(4):334-7.  The effects of postmenopausal Vitamin D treatment on vaginal atrophy. Yildirim B, Kaleli B, Duzcan E, Topuz O. Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.

J Nutr 2003 Jul;133(7 Suppl):2425S-2433S. Vitamin D-3 receptor as a target for breast cancer prevention. Welsh J, Wietzke JA, Zinser GM, Byrne B, Smith K, Narvaez CJ. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003 Jul;80(1):49-62.   Vitamin D growth inhibition of breast cancer cells: gene expression patterns assessed by cDNA microarray. Swami S, Raghavachari N, Muller UR, Bao YP, Feldman D. Stanford U. School of Medicine, USA.

Nutr Rev 2003 Jul;61(7):227-38.  Vitamin D & vitamin D analogs as cancer chemopreventive agents.  Guyton KZ, Kensler TW, Posner GH. CCS Associates, 2005 Landings Drive, Mountain  View, CA 94043, USA.

Zinc

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Apr;1100:111-22     PMID: 17460169.  Zinc and inflammatory/immune response in aging. Vasto S, Mocchegiani E, Malavolta M, Cuppari I, Listì F, Nuzzo D, Ditta V, Candore G, Caruso C. Immunosenescence Unit, Dept of Pathobiology & Biomedical Methodologies, Palermo University, Italy.

Aging Res Rev. 2008 Jun 19.     PMID: 18611449.  Pro-inflammatory genetic background and zinc status in old atherosclerotic subjects. Giacconi R, Caruso C, Malavolta M, Lio D, Balistreri CR, Scola L, Candore G, Muti E, Mocchegiani E. Immunolgy Center, Laboratory of Nutrigenomic and Immunosenenscence, Research Department, INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy.

Mech Aging Dev. 2006 Jun;127(6):517-25.     PMID: 16513158.   Nutrient-gene interaction in ageing and successful ageing. A single nutrient (zinc) and some target genes related to inflammatory/immune response. Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Cipriano C, Muti E, Tesei S, Malavolta M. Immunology Ctr. (Section: Nutrition, Immunity and Ageing), Research Department INRCA, Ancona, Italy.